• seating near the front of the class;

• assignment of a classroom aide;

• oral tests instead of written tests;

• reduced homework demands;

• limited handwriting requirements;

• extra help with mathematics, spelling, reading, and organizational skills;

• modification of test requirements, including minimizing or eliminating time limits and avoiding computerized answer sheets;

• large-print books;

• audio books;

• use of calculators in class and during tests;

• electronic organizers; and

• special computer software to facilitate learning, including voice-recognition programs that can scan printed material.

Optimism for the Future
While cognitive disabilities are generally lifelong conditions, most children with these deficits are capable of learning and can achieve full and happy lives, as long as they receive the proper support at school and in the home.“We are really looking at the future with hope,” Dr Armstrong said. “I know many childhood cancer survivors who have graduated from college and are leading productive lives.That kind of success takes a lot of work, a lot of education and a lot of knowledge on the part of the parent, the pediatric oncologist and the teacher.The key is to get the right services and to get them early.”